RBSE Class 12th 2010 Business Information System & Application-SS-37-1-2010 Previous Year Papers

सही उत्तर: (द) इनमें से कोई नहीं (D) None of these

व्याख्या: संगठन (Organization) और अन्तर्निर्भरता (Interdependence) दोनों ही तंत्र के गुणधर्म हैं। अतः इनमें से कोई भी तंत्र का गुणधर्म नहीं है, यह गलत है। सही उत्तर है कि दोनों गुणधर्म हैं, इसलिए 'इनमें से कोई नहीं' सही विकल्प है।

सही उत्तर: (द) इनमें से सभी (D) all of these

व्याख्या: सूचना प्रौद्योगिकी का उपयोग डेटा प्रोसेसिंग, निर्णयन प्रक्रिया और डेटा ट्रांसमिशन सभी में किया जाता है। अतः सभी विकल्प सही हैं।

सही उत्तर: (स) (अ) अथवा (ब) (C) either (A) or (B)

व्याख्या: फीडबैक दो प्रकार का होता है: धनात्मक (positive) और ऋणात्मक (negative)। अतः फीडबैक या तो धनात्मक हो सकता है या ऋणात्मक।

सही उत्तर: (स) (अ) तथा (ब) दोनों (C) both (A) and (B)

व्याख्या: तंत्र जीवन-चक्र के प्रारंभिक चरणों में बदलाव की आवश्यकता को पहचानना और साध्यता अध्ययन दोनों शामिल हैं। अतः दोनों विकल्प सही हैं।

System is a set of interrelated and interdependent components that work together to achieve a common goal. It takes inputs, processes them, and produces outputs. For example, a computer system has hardware, software, and users working together.

An administrative system works by coordinating resources, people, and processes to achieve organizational objectives. It involves planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling activities. Information flows through various levels to support decision-making and ensure smooth operations.

• Setting organizational goals and policies
• Strategic planning and decision-making
• Coordinating activities of different departments
• Representing the organization externally
• Appointing middle and lower level managers

System analysis is the process of studying a system to identify its components, problems, and requirements. It helps in designing improvements or new systems.

Importance:

• Identifies inefficiencies and bottlenecks
• Helps in understanding user needs
• Provides a basis for system design
• Reduces costs and improves performance

Management Information System (MIS) is a computer-based system that provides managers with timely, accurate, and relevant information to support decision-making, coordination, control, and analysis within an organization.

A feasibility study is an assessment of the practicality and viability of a proposed project or system. It evaluates technical, economic, operational, and schedule feasibility to determine if the project should be undertaken.

Information is needed for:

• Making informed decisions
• Planning and forecasting
• Controlling operations
• Coordinating activities
• Identifying problems and opportunities
• Evaluating performance

Without information, managers cannot effectively run an organization.

A system improves operational efficiency by:

• Standardizing processes and reducing errors
• Automating repetitive tasks
• Providing real-time data for quick decisions
• Improving communication and coordination
• Reducing waste and duplication
• Enabling better resource utilization

For example, an inventory management system ensures optimal stock levels, reducing costs and delays.

Management has three levels:

1. Top level management: Board of directors, CEO – responsible for strategic decisions and overall direction.
2. Middle level management: Department heads, branch managers – implement policies and coordinate activities.
3. Lower level management: Supervisors, foremen – oversee day-to-day operations and workers.

Each level has different responsibilities and information needs.

System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is a structured process for developing information systems. It includes the following phases:

1. Planning: Define scope and objectives
2. Analysis: Study current system and gather requirements
3. Design: Create system specifications
4. Implementation: Build and test the system
5. Maintenance: Support and update the system

Relationship with system analysis: System analysis is the second phase of SDLC. It provides the foundation for design and implementation by identifying what the new system must do. Without proper analysis, the SDLC would lack direction and may fail to meet user needs.

System implementation involves the following activities:

• Coding and programming: Writing software code
• Testing: Unit testing, integration testing, system testing
• Data conversion: Migrating data from old to new system
• Training: Educating users on how to use the system
• Installation: Setting up hardware and software
• Changeover: Switching from old to new system (direct, parallel, phased, or pilot)
• Documentation: Creating user manuals and technical guides
• Post-implementation review: Evaluating system performance

System maintenance is the process of modifying and updating a system after it has been implemented to ensure it continues to meet user needs and operates efficiently. It includes:

• Corrective maintenance: Fixing bugs and errors
• Adaptive maintenance: Adapting to changes in environment (e.g., new hardware, regulations)
• Perfective maintenance: Enhancing performance or adding new features
• Preventive maintenance: Proactively preventing future problems

Maintenance is critical because systems evolve over time. It involves monitoring, debugging, updating documentation, and retraining users. Proper maintenance extends system life and reduces downtime.

Sub-system: A smaller, self-contained part of a larger system that performs a specific function. For example, in an organization, the accounting sub-system handles financial data.

Information flow: The movement of data between sub-systems or between a sub-system and the external environment. It ensures that relevant information reaches the right place at the right time.

Interface: The point of interaction between two sub-systems or between a sub-system and a user. It defines how data is exchanged and how components communicate.

For example, in a payroll system, the employee attendance sub-system sends data to the payroll calculation sub-system via an interface. This information flow ensures accurate salary processing.

Concept of DSS: A Decision Support System is an interactive computer-based system that helps managers make decisions by using data, models, and analytical tools. It supports semi-structured and unstructured decisions.

Uses of DSS:

• What-if analysis and scenario planning
• Forecasting and trend analysis
• Resource allocation and scheduling
• Financial planning and budgeting
• Marketing strategy evaluation

Relationship between decision making and DSS:

• DSS enhances decision making by providing relevant data and models
• It reduces uncertainty and improves accuracy
• It supports the decision-making process (intelligence, design, choice, implementation)
• DSS does not replace the decision maker but provides tools to make better decisions
• It helps in evaluating alternatives and their consequences

Thus, DSS is a valuable tool that complements human judgment in complex decision situations.